SIMPLE SENTENCE (KALIMAT SEDERHANA)

SIMPLE SENTENCE (KALIMAT SEDERHANA)



A.      PENGERTIAN KALIMAT

KALIMAT adalah rangkaian kata yang dimulai dengan suatu huruf kapital (besar) dan diakhiri dengan titik atau rangkaian kata yang mengandung arti penuh dan mengandung unsur SUBYEK dan PREDIKAT.

Apakah SUBYEK dan PREDIKAT? Pelajarilah tabel berikut:

SUBYEK

·   Unsur inti atau pokok kalimat

·   Berupa kata benda (Noun), Subjective Pronoun

PREDIKAT

·  Unsur yang menggambarkan atau menerangkan subyek tersebut

·  Berupa:

TO BE/HAS/HAVE/VERB + OBYEK + ADVERB

TO BE + NOUN (COMPLEMET)/ADJECTIVE / ADVERB/OBJECTIVE RONOUN/POSSESSESSIVE PRONOUN

Catatan

VERB adalah kata kerja

ADVERB adalah kata keterangan

ADJECTIVE adalah kata sifat

OBYEK terdiri dari noun, objective pronoun

B.      POLA KALIMAT SEDERHANA

1.       Menggunakan “to be”

Subjek dan to be harus cocok, sesuai dengan pasangannya masing – masing.

Lihatlah tabel berikut:

Subject

To be

SINGULAR

a.    Singular Noun

Contoh:

Mother

Mrs. Murni

 

is

b.    Singular Pronoun

He

She

It

c.     Singular Pronoun

I

am

PLURAL

d.    Plural Noun

Contoh:

Brothers

Sisters

Brother and sister

Fawwas and Fathia

are

e.    Plural Pronoun

You

We

They

Sudah paham ya? Sekarang, lihatlah pola kalimat (pattern) dan contoh (example) berikut:

a.       Kalimat Positif (Affirmative Sentence), dilambangkan dengan tanda Plus (+)

Pattern:

Subject

Predikat

be +

Noun/Adjective/Adverb

Catatan:

Noun/Adjective/Adverb, digunakan salah satu saja.

Contoh:

1.    Mr. Anto is a chef

2.    He is diligent

3.    He is in Surakarta

Example:

Subject

Predikat

be

Noun (complement)

Adjective

Adverb

Father (Singular Noun)

is

a chef

a doctor

diligent

clever

in class

in Surakarta

Mr. Anto

(Singular Noun)

He

She

It

I

am

Uncles

(Plural Noun)

are

teachers

students

discipline

lazy

on Jl. MT Haryono

at Jl. MT Haryono 24 D Surakarta

Aunts

(Plural Noun)

Uncle and aunt

(Plural Noun)

John and Lucy

(Plural Noun)

You

We

They

b.    Kalimat Negative (Negative Sentence), dilambangkan dengan tanda minus (-)

Patterns:

Subject

Predikat

be +

not

Noun/Adjective/Adverb

Examples:  

Subject

Predikat

be

not

Noun (complement)

Adjective

Adverb

Sister

is

not

a chef

a doctor

diligent

clever

in class

in Surakarta

Mis. Ann

He

She

It

I

am

nephews

are

teachers

students

discipline

lazy

on Jl. MT Haryono

at Jl. MT Haryono 24 D Surakarta

nieces

nephew and niece

Jim and Brenda

You

We

They

Catatan:

She is not = isn’t

We are not = aren’t

I am not = Singkatan negatif “I am” Kita bisa mengatakan “I am not”, dan kita juga bisa mengatakan “I’m not”, tetapi kita tidak bisa mengatakan “I amn’t”.

c.       Kalimat Pertanyaan (Interrogative Sentence), dilambangkan dengan tanda tanya (?)

Patterns:

QUESTION

ANSWER

BE

SUBJECT

NOUN/ADJECTIVE/ADVERB

QUESTION MARK

YES, SUBJECT + BE

NO, SUBJECT + BE + NOT

Examples:

QUESTION

ANSWER

BE

SUBJECT

NOUN/ADJECTIVE/ADVERB

QUESTION MARK

YES, SUBJECT + BE.

NO, SUBJECT + BE + NOT.

Is

Mis. Ann

a doctor

?

Yes, she is/she’s.

Are

they

teachers

?

No, they are not/aren’t.

Am

I

lazy

?

Yes, you are/you’re.

are

you

in the hospital

?

Yes, we are.

No, I am not/I’m not.

 

2.       Menggunakan “has/have”

a.       Menggunakan Subjek: I, You, We, They dan Plural Nouns 

Pattern

examples

Kalimat Affirmative (+)

Subject + have + Object/Complement

· I have two sisters.

· The boys have chicken soup for lunch.

· Indri and Gilang have the same hobbies.

Kalimat Negative (-)

Subject + don’t + have + Object/Complement

·      I don’t have brother.

· The boys don’t have fried chicken for lunch.

· Indri and Gilang don’t have the same professions.

 

Kalimat Interrogative (?)

Do + Subject + have + object/complement

   Do you have sisters? Yes, I do.

· Do the boys have fried chicken for lunch?

No, they don’t.

·  Do Indri and Gilang have the same hobbies?

No, they don’t.

 

 

b.      Menggunakan Subjek: He, She, It dan Singular Nouns

Pattern

examples

Kalimat Affirmative (+)

Subject + has + Object/Complement

· Hari has a nice house.

· She has a big bag.

· Mr. Indra has a new car.

Kalimat Negative (-)

Subject + doesn’t + have + Object/Complement

·      Hari don’t have brother.

· She doesn’t have a big house.

· Mr. Indra doesn’t have a new car

 

Kalimat Interrogative (?)

Does + Subject + have + object/complement

·  Does Hari have a nice house? 

       Yes, he does.

· Does she have a new car ?

     No, she doesn’t.

·  Does Mr. Indra have a big bag?

     No, he doesn’t.

·   Does she have a big bag? 

       Yes, she does

 

 

3.       Menggunakan kata kerja (verb)

Subject

To be

SINGULAR

a.   Singular Noun

Contoh:

Mother

Mrs. Murni

 

V1 + s/es

b.    Singular Pronoun

He

She

It

PLURAL

c.     Plural Noun

Contoh:

Brothers

Sisters

Brother and sister

Fawwas and Fathia

V1

d.    Plural Pronoun

You

We

They

I

e.    I

(pengecualian untuk “I”, meskipun singular pronoun tetapi rumusnya: I + V1)

 

 

a.       Menggunakan Subjek: I, You, We, They dan Plural Nouns 

Pattern

examples

Kalimat Affirmative (+)

Subject + V1 + Object/Complement

· I work in Surabaya.

· They like to swim in swimming pool.

· I and she  love to play piano.

Kalimat Negative (-)

Subject + don’t +V1 + Object/Complement

·      I don’t work in Surabaya.

· They don’t like to swim in the beach.

· I and she don’t love to play drum.

 

Kalimat Interrogative (?)

Do + Subject + V1 + object/complement

· Do you work in Surabaya? Yes, I do.

· Do they like to swim in beach?

No, they don’t.

·  Do I and she love to play piano?

Yes, we do.

 

 

b.      Menggunakan Subjek: He, She, It dan Singular Nouns

Pattern

examples

Kalimat Affirmative (+)

Subject + V1 (s/es) + Object/Complement

· Hendra works in Jakarta.

· Mrs. Tedjo likes   to swim in swimming pool.

· It loves to play its tail.

Kalimat Negative (-)

Subject + doesn’t + V1 + Object/Complement

·      Hendra doesn’t work   in Yogyakarta.

· Mrs. Tedjo doesn’t like to swim in beach.

· It   doesn’t love to play in its house

 

Kalimat Interrogative (?)

Does + Subject + V1 + object/complement

·                        Does Hendra work in Jakarta? Yes, he does.

· Does Mrs. Tedjo like to swim in beach?

No, she doesn’t.

·  Does it love to play in its house?

No, it doesn’t.

 

 

 


UJI KOMPETENSI


SIMPLE SENTENCE

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